Elm Wood

    It is believed that the Elm Tree was first introduced to England by Bronze Age farmers. (2000 BC – 700 BC) Despite it being the most common tree in England at one stage., the population of this tree has seriously declined. This is due to the onset of ‘Dutch Elm Disease’ (fungal disease) which has been slowly killing off this tree since the 1960’s. These trees are not overly affected by the cold or frost so their growth speed is much faster than other common trees in the UK.

     

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    Elm tree with white background

    How To Identify Elm Wood

    One of the largest hedgerow trees in England and is often the last tree to come into leaf in the Spring. It is resistant to water so it is a popular choice for a variety of applications.

     

    Here are the key characteristics that will assist in identifying this tree.


    English Name – English Elm
    Scientific Name – Ulmus procera

    Elm Tree Size – 25 – 35m (80 – 130 ft) tall 

    Trunk Diameter – up to 50 ft 2 metres

    Spread – 9-18 m ( 30-60 ft)

    Life Span – Average 100 years (known up to 400 years)

    UK Location – Southern England

    Elm Wood Colour

    The wood from this tree is known for having a vibrant, reddish brown colour. This colour does range from tree to tree, some even producing a tone that is more grey colour.

    Elm Leaves

    Elm leaves tend to be around 4 to 9 centimetres in length. The shape of the leaves are oval and the twigs that hold the leaves are very finely hairy. The edges of each leaf are toothed and the surface of each leaf will be slightly hairy with a rough texture. In the autumn the leaves transform into a stunning and iconic yellow colour.

    Elm Wood Texture

    The texture of the wood from this tree is coarse with a slightly uneven texture. It is incredibly durable. and is highly resistant to splits and cracking. The grain design  can be described as an intricate, interlocking and ‘wavy’ pattern. This makes it a highly popular choice for a range of furniture and other applications. Furthermore, the strength and durability  is often selected for it’s ability to stand the test of time. 

    Location

    The Elm tree is native to both Eastern and Southern Europe. In the UK, it is mostly located in the South of England. 

    Bark

    The bark of an Elm tree is very rough to the touch with deep fissures. It is common to find suckers at the base of the tree that grow from the roots. Twigs are short , fine and hairy.

    Wood Types Comparison Table

    Wood Type Appearance Durability Finish Options Best For Style & Character
    English Character Grade Oak Knots, splits, grain variation; rustic charm Extremely durable Lacquer, Oil, Wax Farmhouse-style tables, rustic designs Unique, full of personality
    Prime English Oak Clean, uniform grain; minimal knots Extremely durable Lacquer, Oil, Wax Contemporary, refined furniture Sleek, premium appearance
    European Oak Light golden-brown, straighter grain Very strong and stable Lacquer, Oil, Wax Traditional or modern tables Classic, versatile, timeless
    Ash Light cream to pale brown; open grain Strong, flexible Lacquer, Oil, Wax Modern or curved designs Bright, clean, contemporary
    Elm Warm brown, dramatic interlocking grain Durable, resistant to splitting Lacquer, Oil, Wax Statement pieces Bold, organic character
    American Walnut Rich dark browns, subtle grain Dense, strong Lacquer, Oil, Wax Luxury statement furniture Elegant, refined, premium

    Frequently Asked Questions - Elm Wood

    Elm is a hardwood known for its striking grain patterns, interlocking texture, and warm tones. It is prized for its beauty and durability, making it an excellent choice for unique, handcrafted furniture.

     

    Elm has a distinctive swirling or interlocking grain, unlike the straighter patterns of oak and ash. Its colour varies from light brown to rich reddish hues, giving each piece a naturally bold and eye-catching character.

    Yes. Elm is strong, resilient, and naturally resistant to splitting.

    Yes. Elm’s grain absorbs oils, waxes, and lacquers beautifully, enhancing its natural depth and highlighting its striking character.

    Elm is slightly lighter than oak but still very strong. Its toughness, combined with flexibility, makes it excellent for tables and chairs.

    Elm is perfect if you want something truly unique. Its dramatic grain and rich colour variations make every piece of elm furniture one of a kind, blending rustic warmth with luxury craftsmanship.